VOCABS

♥ Parts of a body


The upper parts The down parts

Eye               = Mata             Waist        = Pinggang
Ear               = Telinga           Tummy     = Perut
Nose            = Hidung           Knee        = Lutut
Mouth          = Mulut             Legs         = Kaki(Bawah lutut)
Tongue         = Lidah             Enkle        = Mata kaki
Hair              = Rambut         Foot          = Telapak kaki
Cheek          = Pipi                Heel          = Tumit
Lips             = Bibir               Toe           = Jari kaki
Forehead     = Kening
Chin             = Dagu
Thooth         = Gigi
Neck           = Leher
Elbow          = Siku
Arm             = Lengan
Hand           = Tangan
Finger          = Jari
Thumb         = Ibu jari
Shoulder      = Bahu
Chest           = Dada
Back            = Punggung

PAST TENSE

Simple Past Tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.

● Rumus untuk kalimat Nominal
Affirmative                   : (+) ►S+was/were+….
Negative                      : (-) ►S+was/were+not+….
Interrogative                : (?) ►was/were+S+….
Negative Interrogative  : (-?) ►was/were+S+not+….


The formula of Simple Past Tense :

▼(+ ) S + Verb 2 + O.

▼( - ) S + did not + Verb 1 + O.

▼(? ) Did + S + Verb 1 + O.

Simple past tense used to talk about an action that happened in the past.

Simple past tense also used to tell a story. The time signals that indicate such happening are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago ,long time ago, and last.

☻ Example :

(+ ) You were present account of healthful ?
( - ) You were not present account of healthful ?
( ? ) Were you present account of healthful ?
(-? ) Were you not present account of healthful?

♦ Tanda Waktu ( Time Signal) yang biasa dipergunakan dalam Simple Past Tense adalah :

● Yesterday          = Kemarin
● Yesterday night = Kemarin malam
● Last night          = Semalaman
● Last week         = Minggu lalu
● Last month        = Bulan lalu
● Last year           = Tahun lalu

ADVERTISEMENT

Advertisement is a notice that aims to encourage, persuade, the general public to buy or use goods or services offered.

☻ Functional of Advertisement:
♦ Promotion
♦ Communication
♦ Information

☻ There are two various of Advertisement:
♦ Product Advertisement
♦ Vacancy Advertisement

♥ Media of Advert sement:
♦ By television ♦ Newspaper ♦ Leaflet
♦ Magazine ♦ Radio ♦ Pamfelt
♦ Tabloid ♦ Bill board ♦ Baliho


☺ Example :

For Sale Johnson County

 3-bedroom family home, double garage, very good condition. Large yard. Short walk to city centre and schools. $ 174,000
 Modern 6-bedroom home, large livinng room, separate dining room, 3 bathrooms, basament garage. Beautiful big back yard and swimmin pool. Excellent condition. $ 250.000
 Available immediately. Large I bedroom city apartment, fully furnished with quality furnishing. Large living area, dishwasher, refrigerator. $ 135.000
 Atteractive I bedroom apartment in new builling only 30 minutes from downtown and 10 minutes from airport. Unfurnised $ 95.000

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect tense to express an act, jobs, events, events that happened in the past and still nothing to do with current events or to show something which was completed in record time.

☻ Active sentences :

Affirmative (+) ► S + have/has + verbs III
(I,You,We,They) + have + verbs III
(She,He,It) + has + verbs III

Negative (-) ► S + have/has + not + verbs III
(I,You,We,They) + have + not + verbs III
(She,He,It) + have + not + verbs III

Interrogative (?) ► Have/has + S + verbs III
Have + (I,You,We,They) + verbs III
Has +(She,He,It) + verbs III

Negative+Interrogative(-?) ► Have/has + S + not + verbs III
Have + (I,You,We) + not + verbs III
Has + (She,He,It) + not + verbs III


☺ Example :

(+) They had climbed the mountain until now
(-) They have not climbed the mountain until now
(?) Have they climbed the mountain until now ?
(-?) Have they not climbed the mountain until now ?

GREETING

Greetings is a very common expressions to say that we sweet people or we went to be nice with them.

☻ Greeting

● Hello / Hi.
● Good morning. Good afternoon
● How are you ?

☻ Response :
● Hello / Hi
● Good morning. Good afternoon
● Fine, thanks / I’m fine, thank you.

☺ Example :

Tika : Hello, Sinta. Glad to see you here. How are you ?

Sinta : Hello, Tika I’m fine, thank you and you ?

Tika : Fine, thanks.

PRESENT TENSE

Present tense used for express an event, or activity and like happened. Present tense can you use for express fact or something repeatedly happened in present time.

☻ Formula : A : S + to be (am, is, are) +
B : S + verb I + (s / es) +

☻ The formula for a nominal sentence:

Affirmative : (+) > S + To be (am/is/are)+…
Negative : (-) > S + To be (am/is/are )+ not +…
Interrogative : (?) > To be (am/is/are)+ S +…
Negative Interrogative : (-?)TO be (am/is/are) + S+ not +…

☺ Example:

(+) They are lazy
(-) They are not lazy
(-?) Are they lazy ?
(?) Are not they lazy ?

NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative text is text that tells about something that imajinatife or imaginary. The goal is to entertain readers.

☻ Narrative text structure consists of :

► Orientation : Introducing the characters in the story, background, and time

► Complication : The emergence of problems between these figures.

► Resolution : The problem can be solved.

► Re-orientation : Optional.

☻ Narrative Text Characteristics :

♦ Using the past tense

♦ Usually begin with, (adverbs of time). As long, time, once upon a time, in a faraway land, etc.

♦ Using conjunctions. As then, after that, before, etc



☺ Example :

There was a porcupine named Landi. He was lonely. No one wanted to play with him because they were afraid of his spikes.
“Dear Landi. We don’t want to play with you because your spikes are to sharp. We don’t want you to hurt us,” said Cici the rabbit one day.
“Don’t lie to me, Landi. Please tell me your problem. Maybe I can help you,” Kuku said wisely, then, he sat baside Landi. He wasn’t afraid of Landi’s spikes.
Shortly, Landi told kuku his problem. Kuku nodded his head. He said,” Poor you. But it is not your fault. I know, your spikes are very useful and helpful to you . Your friends will realize it some day. Trust me, Landi”.
“Horray…horray..! long live Landi ! He saved our lives,” said Cici and her friends. Everyone shock Landi’s hand and thanked him. From then on, Landi wasn’t lonely anymore. His friends knew that his spikes would not anyone, unless they wanted to hurt Landi.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Announcement is an official notification about something that they may know people a lot. The announcement could be written and then pasted on a board that is easy to see people or announced orally.


☻ In writing an announcement, keep the following points :

● The titla / type of event
● Date / time, place, and
● Contact person.

 Characteristic of announcement :
• Use simple present tense
• Simple future tense often enticement
 You can find announcement by :
• Audio
• Visual
• Audio visual




☺ Example:

Announcements
This is a new school year. Many new students are around and they need to know our school rules. Please be helpful to them and extend courtesy to their parents. Thank you.

GIVING INSTRUCTIONS

warning is a phrase that is spoken to commemorate something not to do something or act of harm that might occur.

☻ Instruction:

♦ Do not talk, please
♦ Do not sleep here, please
♦ Don’t cheat
♦ Don’t open your book
♦ Don’t make noise, please
♦ Don’t close the door, please

☻ Warning!!

♦ Beware of the tiger !
♦ Be careful !
♦ Watch out !
♦ Step back !
♦ Do not croos !
♦ Keep away from the fire !
♦ Hurry up !



☺ Example:

Mr.Karim : Oh, my goodness ! what a noisy class!...Pandawa, please ask them to keep silent

Pandawa : All right, Sir

Ferry : Watch out ! There is a snake next to you !

Irwan : Oh, thank you for the warning.

SYMPATHY EXPRESSION

Sympathy Expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone, or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expression sympathy we want to show our concern of carefulness on other people’s condition.

☻ Showing Sympathy:

♦ I’m sorry for what’s happened
♦ Oh, you poor little thing
♦ Oh, no!
♦ I know how it feels !
♦ You must be very upset
♦ That’s a pity/shame


☺ Example:

Charles : Rolly, are you okay ?

Rolly : Oh no, Charles! Now, I don’t have father !...Why must my
Father ?

Charles : Oh..I’m sorry to hear that. But, this not the and of the
world. You must be stiff !

Rolly : Thank you, Charles. You are my best friend !

GAINING ATTENTION

Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to that we want to.

♥ How to gaining attention:
♦ Attention please !
♦ Excuse me
♦ Look here
♦ Listen to me,please !
♦ Waiters ?
♦ Wow, really ?
♦ I’m listening
♦ I’m sorry, but..

♥ Asking for attention (formal-informal):
♦ Look at me !
♦ Hey
♦ Look
♦ Excuse me !
♦ Attention, please !
♦ Sorry to bother you

♥ Showing Attention:
♦ I know what you mean
♦ I see
♦ Tell me more about it
♦ Mmm…
♦ Really ?
♦ Aha…
♦ Oh my god !
♦ Well, well, well
♦ How interesting
♦ Is that all
♦ Indeed
♦ Oh, no !
♦ Look at you
♦ Is everything, all right ?
♦ What’s the matter ?




☺ Example:

Rio : Excuse me, Mr !

Ricky : Yes, what happen ?

Rio : Can you speak in Germany ?

Ricky : Oh, I can’t speak in Germany, Sir. I just can speak an English. I’m sorry

Rio : Okay, Thank you Sir.

Ricky : You are welcome

HAPPINESS EXPRESSION

Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.

☺ What would you say to express your happiness ?

● I’m happy
● Fantastic !
● Great !
● Wonderful !
● Terrific !
● I’m so glad to hear that
● You make me happy
● I like..
● I love..
● I’m pleased with
● I’m so glad that you

☺ We can happiness expression of by :

● Word (kata-kata)
● Gestures (gerakan)

For the example of dialogue about happiness expression :

Mia : What do you accept from your birthday, Ina ?

Ina : Fantastic, I can a new bag from my father. That’s new bag it is very good

Mia : Oh, I’m happy too hear it

Ina : Thank’s, Mia

Mia : You are welcome

APPOINTMENT

We make on appointment is we whant go ordo something, together with the other person.

☺ Making an appointment :

● I’d like you to come and see me
● Can I come and see you
● I want to make an appointment to see
● I’d like you to make an appointment to see

☺ Accepting on appointment :

● All right, see you there
● No problem, I’m free on

☺ Cancelling appointment :

● I’m sorry, I can’t make it
● I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment
● I’m sorry. I’m very bury

☻ Example :

Cika : Riko, I have a serious problem. I need to talk to you. Could we meet today ?

Riko : What time ?

Cika : After the session

Riko : Ok, I’ll be there.

INVITATION

Invitation is to invite someone or people to come to an event.

☺ Invitation someone

◦ please come inside
◦ would you come to my sister’s party tomorrow ?
◦ can you drop by my house after school ?

☺ Response

◦ Thank you / Thanks
◦ sure, I will
◦ I would not say no
◦ sorry, I can’t
◦ I’m afraid I can’t
◦ I’m so sorry, I can’t

☻ Example :

Tio : Luki, cant you drop by my house this afternoon ?

Lucky : I’m sorry I can’t, I must go home soon after school. I have promised my brother to take him to a stationery store.

Tio : I see. Perhaps another time.